The Last Sermon of Holy Prophet (SAWW)

          Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) delivered his last sermon (Khutbah) on the ninth of Dhul       Hijjah (12^th and last month of the Islamic year), 10 years after Hijrah (migration from             Makkah to Madinah) in the Uranah Valley of mount Arafat. His words were quite clear           and concise and were directed to the entire humanity.

      After praising, and thanking Allah he said:

“O People, lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year, I shall ever be amongst you again. Therefore listen to what I am saying to you very carefully and TAKE THESE WORDS TO THOSE WHO COULD NOT BE PRESENT HERE TODAY.”

Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things.O People, just as you regard this month, this day, this city as Sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your LORD, and that HE will indeed reckon your deeds. ALLAH has forbidden you to take usury (interest), therefore all interest obligation shall henceforth be waived. Your capital, however, is yours to keep. You will neither inflict nor suffer any inequity. Allah has Judged that there shall be no interest and that all the interest due to Abbas ibn ‘Abd’al Muttalib (Prophet’s uncle) shall henceforth be waived…

O People, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allah’s trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom you do not approve, as well as never to be unchaste.

"O People, listen to me in earnest, worship ALLAH, say your five daily prayers (Salah), fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to."

Remember, one day you will appear before ALLAH and answer your deeds. So beware, do not stray from the path of righteousness after I am gone.All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor a black has any superiority over white except by piety (taqwa) and good action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly. Do not, therefore, do injustice to yourselves.

All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen to me directly. Be my witness, O ALLAH, that I have conveyed your message to your people”.O People, NO PROPHET OR APOSTLE WILL COME AFTER ME AND NO NEW FAITH WILL BE BORN. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand words which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the QURAN and my example, the SUNNAH and if you follow these you will never go astray.

Holy Prophet SAWW Life

                Both before the rise of Islam and during the Islamic period,Arab tribes paid great attention to genealogy and guarded their knowledge of it with meticulous care. In fact, during Islamic history a whole science of genealogy (ʿilm al-anṣāb) developed that is of much historical significance. In the pre-Islamic period, however, this knowledge remained unwritten, and for that very reason it has not been taken seriously by Western historians relying only on written records. For Muslims, however, the genealogy of Muhammad has always been certain. They trace his ancestry to Ismāʿīl (Ishmael) and hence to the prophet Abraham. This fact was accepted even by medieval European opponents of Islam but has been questioned by modern historians

According to traditional Islamic sources, Muhammad was born in Mecca in “the Year of the Elephant,” which corresponds to the year ad 570, the date modern Western scholars cite as at least his approximate birth date. A single event gave the Year of the Elephant its name when Abrahah, the king of Abyssinia, sent an overwhelming force to Mecca to destroy the Ka'bah, the sanctuary Muslims believe to have been built by Adam and reconstructed by Abraham and which Abrahah viewed as a rival to his newly constructed temple in Sanaa in Yemen. According to tradition, the elephant that marched at the head of Abrahah’s army knelt as it approached Mecca, refusing to go farther. Soon the sky blackened with birds that pelted the army with pebbles, driving them off in disarray. Thus, the sanctuary that Muslims consider an earthly reflection of the celestial temple was saved, though at the time it served Arab tribes who (with the exception of the ḥanīfs, or primordialists) disregarded Abrahamic monotheism.

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Soon after this momentous event in the histroy of Arabia, Muhammad was born in Mecca. His father, ʿAbd Allāh, and his mother, Āminah, belonged to the family of the Banu Hashim, a branch of the powerful Quraysh, the ruling tribe of Mecca, that also guarded its most sacred shrine, the Kaʿbah. Because ʿAbd Allāh died before Muhammad’s birth, Āminah placed all her hopes in the newborn child. Without a father, Muhammad experienced many hardships even though his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib was a leader in the Meccan community. The emphasis in Islamic society on generosity to orphans is related to the childhood experiences of Muhammad as well as to his subsequent love for orphans and the Qurʾānic injunctions concerning their treatment.

In order for Muhammad to master Arabic in its pure form and become well acquainted with Arab traditions, Āminah sent him as a baby into the desert, as was the custom of all great Arab families at that time. In the desert, it was believed, one learned the qualities of self-discipline, nobility, and freedom. A sojourn in the desert also offered escape from the domination of time and the corruption of the city. Moreover, it provided the opportunity to become a better speaker through exposure to the eloguet Arabic spoken by the Bedouin. In this way the bond with the desert and its purity and sobriety was renewed for city dwellers in every generation. Āminah chose a poor woman named Halimah from the tribe of Banū Saʿd, a branch of the Hawāzin, to suckle and nurture her son. And so the young Muhammad spent several years in the desert.

It was also at this time that, according to tradition, two angels appeared to Muhammad in the guise of men, opened his breast, and purified his heart with snow. This episode, which exemplifies the Islamic belief that God purified his prophet and protected him from sin, was also described by Muhammad: “There came unto me two men, clothed in white, with a gold basin full of snow. Then they laid upon me, and, splitting open my breast, they brought forth my heart. This likewise they split open and took from it a black clot which they cast away. Then they washed my heart and my breast with the snow” (Martin Lings, Muhammad: His Life, Based on the Earliest Sources, 1991). Muhammad then repeated the verse, found in the Hadith, “Satan toucheth every son of Adam the day his mother beareth him, save only Mary and her son.” Amazed by this event and also noticing a mole on Muhammad’s back (later identified in the traditional sources as the sign of prophecy), Ḥalīmah and her husband, Ḥārith, took the boy back to Mecca.

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Muhammad’s mother died when he was six years old. Now completely orphaned, he was brought up by his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, who also died two years later. He was then placed in the care of Abd Talib, Muhammad’s uncle and the father of ʿAlī, Muhammad’s cousin. Later in life Muhammad would repay this kindness by taking Ali into his household and giving his daughter Fatimah him in marriage.

It is believed that Muhammad grew into a young man of unusual physical beauty as well as generosity of character. His sense of fairness and justice were so revered that the people of Mecca often went to him for arbitration and knew him as al-Amīn, “the Trusted One.” His striking appearance is the subject of countless poems in various Islamic languages. Muhammad, according to ʿAlī,

was neither tall nor lanky nor short and stocky, but of medium height. His hair was neither crispy curled nor straight but moderately wavy. He was not overweight and his face was not plump. He had a round face. His complexion was white tinged with redness. He had big black eyes with long lashes. His brows were heavy and his shoulders broad. He had soft skin, with fine hair covering the line from mid chest to navel. The palms of his hands and the soles of his feet were firmly padded. He walked with a firm gait, as if striding downhill. On his back between his shoulders lay the Seal of Prophethood [a mole], for he was the last of the prophets. (Tosun Bayrak al-Jerrahi al-Halveti, The Name & the Named: The Divine Attributes of God, 2000)

Islamic sources indicate that others recognized the mole as the sign of prophethood, including the Christian monk Baḥīrā, who met Muhammad when the Prophet joined Abū Ṭālib on a caravan trip to Syria.

When he was 25 years old, Muhammad received a marriage proposal from a wealthy Meccan woman, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, whose affairs he was conducting. Despite the fact that she was 15 years older than he, Muhammad accepted the proposal, and he did not take another wife until after her death (though polygyny was permitted and common). She bore him two sons, both of whom died young. It is from the first son, Qāsim, that one of the names of the Prophet, Abūʾ al-Qāsim (“the Father of Qāsim”), derives. She also bore him four daughters, Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah. The youngest, Fāṭimah, who is called the second Mary, had the greatest impact on history of all his children. Shīʿite imams and sayyids or sharifs are thought to be descendants of Muhammad, from the lineage of Fāṭimah and ʿAlī. Khadījah herself is considered one of the foremost female saints in Islam and, along with Fāṭimah, plays a very important role in Islamic piety and in eschatological events connected with the souls of women.

By age 35, Muhammad had become a very respected figure in Mecca and had taken ʿAlī into his household. When he was asked, according to Islamic tradition, to arbitrate a dispute concerning which tribe should place the holy black stone in the corner of the newly built Ka'bah, Muhammad resolved the conflict by putting his cloak on the ground with the stone in the middle and having a representative of each tribe lift a corner of it until the stone reached the appropriate height to be set in the wall. His reputation stemmed, in part, from his deep religiosity and attention to prayer. He often would leave the city and retire to the desert for prayer and meditation. Moreover, before the advent of his prophecy, he received visions that he described as being like “the breaking of the light of dawn.” It was during one of these periods of retreat, when he was 40 years old and meditating in a cave called al-Ḥirāʾ in the Mountain of Light (Jabal al-Nūr) near Mecca, that Muhammad experienced the presence of the archangel Gabriel and the process of the Qurʾānic revelation began.

Complete Life Part 1

Birth

Hazrat Muhammad PBUH was born in about Year 570 (20 or 22 April) on Monday Morning (9 or 12 Rabi al Awwal

 At that Time, Justinian II was the Roman Empero

 Europe was in Dark Ages

 Born during the reign of a “Just King” meaning Chosreos I , The Persian Monarch ( Khosru Nusherwan ) who reigned from 531 – 579

 In Arab, Born during the “ Year of Elephant Event “ ( A Failed assault on Makkah by an army Using Elephants by King Abraha) ( Surah Al-feel , Al- Quran )

 Born as Orphan because Abdullah died shortly before his birth

Miracles at Birth of Holy Prophet PBUH

    The idols fall down in Kabbah including biggest idol “ Hubba “

 Hazrat Amna said, there was a light that issued out of my pudendum and lit the palaces of Syria.

 The fire in the Magi temple of the Zoroastrians which had been alight for thousands of years, became quenched for the first time in recorded history

 Fourteen towers of the Royal palace of Nausherwan, the Emperor of Persia, broke and fell

 Some churches on Lake Sawa sank down and collapsed

 Abdul-Muttalib called the baby Muhammad, a name not then common among the Arabs.

Genealogy

The Life Of Holly Prophet(SAW)

Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Madina

2 Hijrih:

• In 2 Hijrih the command was given to face the Ka'bah (Masjid-e-Haram, Makkah), instead of facing Baitul Maqsad during Prayer (Salaah).

• Sariyyah or Expedition of Abdullah bin Jahsh and the first booty in Islam took place in the same year 2 Hijrih.

• The most significant battle of Badar fought in the same year on the 17th Ramadhaan, 2 Hijrih. Muslims were 313 while Non-muslims Quraish were 1000. Abu Jahal was killed in this battle by Mu'aaz and Mu'awwiz two ansaari youngsters. 70 of the disbelievers were killed and 70 were taken captive. Only 14 Sahabaah were martyred. 6 were from muhajireen and 8 from ansaar.

• Prophet's daughter Sayyidah Ruqayya passed away.

• Eid Salaah was performed for the first time.

• The command of Fasting in Ramadhan and Zakah was given in this year.

• Sadqa-tul-Fitr, the Salaah of Eid-ul-Adha and Qurbani were all make wajib in this year.

• In Zul-Hijjah Sayyidah Fatima was married to Sayyad Ali.

3 Hijrih:

• The battle of Uhud took place on 7th Shawaal 3 Hijrih. The army of disbelievers was three thousand while muslims were thousand and Adbullah bin Ubayy and three hundred of his followers deserted the muslims and returned to Madinah. The muslim army was left with only seven hundred soldiers.Twenty two or twenty three disbelievers were killed and seventy muslims martyred in this battle.

• Prophet married Sayyidah Hafsah and Sayyidah Zaynub.

• Wine was made Haraam

• Sayyidina Hasan was born

• The battle of Ghatafaan took place in Rabi-ul-Awwal. Du'thoor bin Haarith Muhaaribi marched with an army of four hundred and fifty soldiers to attack Madinah. Prophet and his companions came out of Madinah to confront him but they fled out of fear for the muslims and hid in the mountains tops.

4 Hijrih:

• Incident of Bir-e-Ma'oonah happened in which a group of Prophet's companions were martyred by the tribes of A'amir, Ri'l, Zakwaan and U'sayya. Planned by Abu Bara A'mir misled Prophet into believing that if a group of companions were sent to Najd to preach Islam. Prophet Muhammad PBUH sent a group of companiions to Najd in the month of Safar 4 Hijrih. This group of companions consisted of many Ulama and Quraa.

• The birth of Sayyidina Hussain

• Prophet married Sayyidah Umme Salmah

• Prophet instructed Sayyidina Zaid bin Thabit to learn the Jewish language (Hebrew)

 5 Hijrih:

Battle of Khandaq (trench) or Battle of Ahzaab (groups) took place in Zil-Qa`dah 5 A.H. All the groups (Quraish of Makkah, the Jews and Munafiqeen (Hypocrites)) gathered their forces and decided to attack Madinah. An army of ten thousand fierce warriors, which later doubled, marched towards Madinah to destroy the Muslims.

Sayyidina Salmaan Farsi suggested to make trenches around the city of Madinah. Then Prophet Muhammad PBUH together with three thousand companions prepared to dig these trenches which was 5 metres wide and 5 metres deep and about 8 kilometres long. It took the 6 days to complete digging it.

The disbelievers placed Madinah under siege for almost fifteen days. The Banu Quraizah, whom the Muslims feared, sided with the disbelievers and this increased their number.

Prophet missed his four prayers (Salaah) on one day when disbelievers began throwing stones and shooting arrows at the muslims. Allah sent a hurricane against the disbelievers that it uprooted their tents from the ground and overturned their pots that were over the blazing fire.

Banu Quraizah joined the disbelievers in the battle of trench and broke their agreement with Prophet, So after the battle muslims attacked them. They locked themselves in their fort for twenty-five days.

6 Hijrih:

• In the beginning of Zil-Qa'dah 6 A.H, Prophet Muhammad PBUH tied ihram for Umrah and set out towards Makkah with a large group of 1400 companions. Prophet camped at Hudaybiyyah (name of a well about 25.5km from Makkah) because disbelievers of Makkah didnot allow muslims to perform Umrah. Prophet sent Sayyidina Uthmaan to Makka to negociate with disbelievers but rumour spread that disbelievers killed Sayyidina Uthmaan then Prophet took a pledge (Bayt) for Jihad under an acacia tree, which is called Bay'at-ru-Ridhwaan. Later on they learnt that this was only a rumour. The muslims and disbelievers agreed to sign a treaty. Allah releaved Surah Fatah, wherein this treaty was termed as an open victory.

• Sayyidina Khalid bin Waleed and A'mr bin A'as accepted Islaam.

• Prophet sent letters to the kings of the world to preach and describe the message of Islam. A'mr bin Umayya was sent to the king of Ethiopia (Najashi, Ashumah). Dihya kalbi was sent to the emperor rome (Hiraql, Hercules), Abdullah bin Hudhayfah was sent to the leader of Persia (Kisrah), Haatib bin Abi Balta'a was sent to the leader of Egypt (Maqowqas), A'mr bin A'as was sent to the leader of Oman.

 7 Hijrih:

• When Banu Nadheer was banished from Madinah because they has broken their treaty with muslims, they settled in Khaibar but still encouraging neighbouring tribes to fight against muslims. So in Muharram or Jumadul-Ula Prophet with his six hundred companions left for Khaibar. Allah grant the muslims victory and they gained control over all the forts of the Jews. Sayyidinah Ali played a great role in this Jihad.

• Prophet performed Umrah, which was missed the previous year when the treaty of Hudaybiyya was signed.

• Prophet married Sayyidah Maymoonah.

 8 Hijrih:

• Prophet sent Sayyidina Harith bin U'mair to Shurahbeel, the governor of Busrah with the invitation of Islam. Shurahbeel reacted with aggression and killed Sayyidina Harith bin U'mair. So, in 8 A.H Prophet sent an army of three thousand to confront Shurahbeel. Shurahbeel prepared an army of nearly one hundred and fifty thousand soldiers. 3 muslims against 150 disbelievers. This battle took place at Muta, a place in Shaam (Syria) 51.5km from Baitul Maqsid and close to the city of Balqaan. Three leaders of muslims (Sayyidinah Zaid bin Haritha, Sayyidina Ja'far, and Sayyidinah Abdullah bin Rawaha) martyred then muslims gained victory under commanment of Sayyidina Khalid bin Waleed.

• Prophet Muhammad PBUH began preparing for Jihad, on 3rd Ramadhan 8 A.H after A'sr Prophet with an army of ten thousand left Madinah towards Makkah. Allah gave command over Makkah without fight and On Friday, 20th Ramadhan, Prophet made Tawaaf of the Ka'bah and broke all the idols placed inside Ka'bah. Prophet, who was a mercy unto mankind addressed to disbelievers of Makkah as " Today you all are free. There is no blame on you". Prophet remained in Makkah for fifteen days. Thereafter, returend to Madinah and appointed Sayyidinah I'tab bin Usayd as the governor of Makkah.

• After the conquest of Makkah, the Arabs began entering into Islam in large numbers but two Arab tribes (Hawaazin and Thaqeef) could not tolerate the rise of Islam and prepared to wage war against the muslims and set out towards Makkah. Prophet gathered twelve thousand companions to fight them. On the 6th Sawaal this army left Makkah and when they reached the valley of Hunain the enemy attached the muslims from all directions. In initial stage muslims faced defeat but later on muslims gained victory. Only four muslims martyred whereas more than seventy disbelievers were killed. Muslims took possession of all their belongings among which twenty four thousand camels, more than forty thousand goats and four thousand awqiya (490 kgs).

• After the Banu Hawaazin and Thaqeef were defeated in Hunain they took protection in the fort of Taaif. Prophet followed them and approximately eighteen days they laid seige to the fort. Then Prophet left and camped at Ji'rranah and handedover persons who were captured at Hunain on the request of people of Taaif. After returning to Madinah, a delegation from Taaif came to Madinah and accepted Islam.

• Thereafter, Prophet performed Umrah from Ji'rranah and returned to Madinah on the 6th Zul-Qa'dah 8 A.H.

 9 Hijrih:

• After returning from Taaif, Prophet remained in Madinah until the middle of 9 A.H. Prophet began preparation for Jihad as he was informed that Hiraql (Hercules) was preparing an army at Tabuk to attack the muslims after their defeat in Muta. In Rajab, Prophet left Madinah for Tabuk with twenty thousand companions. Hiraql fled from Tabuk and no battle was fought. Muslim returned after staying in Tabuk for fifteen to twenty days. This was the last battle that Prophet Muhammad fought. Prophet returned to Madinah in Ramadhan 9 A.H.

• After returning from Tabuk, Prophet appointed Sayyidina Abu Bakr as the leader of Hajj and sent him to Makkah.

 10 Hijrih:

• Prophet left for Hajj on the 25th Zul-Qa'dah 10 A.H. and more than one hundred thousand companions joined him. Prophet tied ihram from Zul-Hulaifah, six miles from Madinah. They, reached Makkah on Saturday, 4th Zil-Hijjah. On the 9th Zul-Hijjah after reaching Arafaat, Prophet delivered a very inspiring Khutbah (Speech) which was full of advice and wisdom. After performing Hajj, Prophet remained in Makkah for few days and thereafter returned to Madinah.

11 Hijrih:

• After returning from Makkah, Prophet prepared an army on the 26th Safar 11 A.H. to fight the Romans. Amongst the soldiers were many leading companions like Sayyidina Abu Bakr, Sayyidina Umar, Sayyidina Abu U'baidah bin Jarrah and Prophet appointed Sayyidina Usama as the ameer  (leader) of this army. This was the last army that Prophet arranged himself. This army had not yet left Madinah when Prophet fell ill. Prophet Muhammad PBUH thereafter passed away and Sayyidinah Abu Bakr dispatched this army.

• On 28th Safar 11 A.H. Prophet visited Jannatul Baqee where he made dua for the inmates of the graves. After returning home, he experienced a headache and from then onwards had a fever, which lasted for thirteen days. In this condition Prophet left this world.

• On Monday the 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal, after the Zuhr Salaah, Prophet left this worldly abode and went to meet his creator, Allah.

Prophet was buried after two days, on Wednesday, at the time of sehri (early down). Prophet was sixty-three years old at the time of his demise.

Makki Life of the Hazrat Muhammad (Sallalllaho Alaihi Wassallam)

Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Makkah

• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Makkah, Arabia, on Monday, 12 or 9 Rabi Al-Awal (20th April A.D. 571).

• He belongs to Quraish tribe and Banu Hashim Family.

• His mother name is Aminah, daughter of Wahb Ibn Abdu Manaf of the Zahrah family. His maternal grandmother's (mother's mother) name was Barrah.

• His father name is Abdullah, son of Abdul Muttalib, bin Hashim bin Abd-e-Manaaf of Quraish family. His paternal grandmother's (father's mother) name was Fatima.

• Muhammad's father died before his birth.

• Prophet Muhammad first breastfed by his mother, then by Thuwaibah, the freed slave of his uncle , Abu Lahab and then by Haleemah Sa'diyah.

• The people of Makkah sent their children to the country-side. Prophet Muhammad PBUH was aslo sent to the country-side. A lady by the name of Haleemah took him into her care, who belongs to Banu Saad tribe. Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed with Haleemah for four years. (A.D. 575)

• During stay at Haleemah's home the famous incident of the splitting of Prophet Muhammad's chest took place.

• Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed with his mother only for two years. His mother died at Abwa when he was six years old. (A.D. 577)

• His grandfather Abdul Muttalib took him in his care. Two years later, his grandfather was passed away, when Prophet Muhammad PBUH was at age of eight. (A.D. 579)

• Muhammad PBUH accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a mercantile journey to Syria when he was twelve years old. Christian monk Buhaira met Muhammad PBUH at Busra during this journey. He looked at Muhammad PBUH and told Abu Talib that he is indeed the final Prophet (A.D. 583).

• When Muhammad PBUH was twenty-five years old, he traveled once more to Syria to carry the business of Khadijah, with her slave Maysarah. During this journey, they met another christian monk by the name of Nastoorah. He also bore testimony to his prophethood (A.D. 596).

• Khadijah wished to marry with Prophet Muhammad PBUH due to his honesty and truthfulness. When they married, Prophet Muhammad PBUH was twenty-five years old and sayidah Khadijah was forty years old (A.D. 596). This marriage lasted for 25 years and 2 months. Prophet Muhammad PBUH did not marry any other woman during her lifetime. From sayidah Khadijah, Prophet had 4 daughters and 2 sons.

• Names of Prophet Muhammad's children were: (1)  Sayyidah Zaynub   (2)  Sayyidah Umm-e-Kulthoom   (3)  Sayyidah Ruqayya   (4)  Sayyidah Fatima   (5) Sayyed Qasim   (6)  Sayyed Tahir. Prophet Muhammad another son by the name of Ibrahim, who was born from Mariya Qibtiyya.

• At the age of thirty: At the instigation of the faithful Muhammad PBUH, an old league called the Federation of Fudul. (A.D. 601)

• Muhammad PBUH settled by his judgment a grave dispute in rebuilding the Sacred House of the Ka'ba, when he was thirty-five years old. (A.D. 606)

• Allah had chosen him as Prophet when He was in the cave of Hira in the month of Ramadhaan. Jibrael recited verses from Iqra (Surah Alaq). Prophet Muhammad PBUH was forty years old when this happened. (A.D. 611)

• Waraqa bin Naufal, cousin of Khadijah, who was learned in the Christian and Jewish books, confirmed that Muhammad PBUH is the Prophet of Allah.

• Sayida Khadijah was the first person (woman) to accept Islam, Hadhrat Abu Bakr was the first person (Male) to accept Islam, Hadhrat Ali Ibn Talib was the first person (child) to accept Islam, Hadhrat Zaid bin Haarithah was the first person (freed Slave) to accept Islam.

• Following persons accepted Islam due to hidden preaching of Prophet Muhammad PBUH: Hadhrat Uthmaan, Hadhrat Talha, Hadhrat Zubair, Hadhrat Abdur Rahman, Hadhrat Bilal, Hadhrat Yaasir, Hadhrat Sumayyah, Hadhrat Ammaar, Hadhrat Abdullah Bin Mas'ood and Hadhrat Arqam. This hidden preaching lasts for three years. (A.D. 611-614)

• After three years, Prophet Muhammad PBUH climbed mount Safa and called Quraish and invited his family to Islam.

• Prophet permitted his companions to migrate to Habsha (Ethiopia). On 5th Rajab in the fifth year after Nubuwwat about 15 or 16 companions migrated Ethiopia. They were 11 men and 4 or 5 women. It was first migration to Ethiopia. 83 men and 18 women went to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) by the permission of Prophet Muhammad PBUH after the 7th year of Nubuwwat. This was the second Hijrah (Migration) in Islam. The king of Abyssinia was called Negus (Najashi).

• Kuffaar boycotted the Muslims and exiled them to a small section of Makkah called as Sa'ab Abhi Talib. Nobody was allowed to sell food them or help them in anyway. For three years muslims lived and suffered in that place. It was happened after 7th year of Nubuwwat.

• After three years of hardship, muslims were allowed to leave that section. This cruel boycott had a bad effect on the health of Hadhrat Khadijah and Abu Talib. Both passed away shortly after the boycott.

• Prophet Muhammad PBUH went to Ta'if in 10th year of Nubuwwat. He was accompanied by Zaid bin Haarithah. The people of Ta'if refused to accept Islam. Stones thrown at him and he was chased out of the town. Bleeding and tired, he took shelter in the garden of Utbah bin Rabi'ah.

• The journey of Mi'raaj took place after the 11th year of Nubuwwat. Prophet Muhammad PBUH was taken from Makkah to Masjid-e-Aqsa in Jerusalem on the Burraaq. From Jesusalem, he went to seven heavens. He met all the previous Prophets and Allah gave him five daily Prayers (Salaah). This journey was took place in just one night.

• A group of 6 people from Madinah tribe Khazraj (then called Yathrib) met Prophet Muhammad PBUH secretly in a place called A'qabah. They accepted Islam.

• Following year they brought a bigger group of 12 persons to accept Islam. There were 10 from Khazraj and 2 from Ows. They invited Prophet Muhammad PBUH to live in Madinah. This pledge is known as Bay't-ul-'Aqabah Al-Ula.

• Next year 70 men and 2 women came in Makkha on Hajj and accepted Islam by preaching of Sayidina Mus'ab bin 'Umair. Which was sent to Madinah on request of people of Madinah to teach Qur'an and matters. This pledge is known as Bay't-ul-Aqabah Ath-Thaaniyah.

• The muslims of Makkah were given permission to leave and settle in Madinah.

• 13th year after Nubuwwat, Prophet Muhammad PBUH left Makkah and migrated to Madinah with Sayidina Abu Bakr. They went to the cave of Thaur. They stayed in the cave for 3 days. Sayidina Abu Bakr's son used to inform them of what was happening in Makkah at night and his daughter would send food for them.

• After 3 days staying in the cave both persons left for Madinah on Camels brought by Abu Bakr's slave Aamir bin Fuhairah on 4th Rabi-ul-Awwal.

• This event, of leaving Makkah and going to Madinah, is known as the Hijrah.

• On the journey to madinah, Prophet Muhammad PBUH stayed in Quba for 14 days. Quba was outskirts of madinah. He built the first Masjid of Islam in the history.

• Prophet Muhammad PBUH left for madinah on Friday, in the month of Rabi-ul-Awal. Prophet Muhammad PBUH performed Jumuah prayer in the area of Banu Saalim. The camel of Prophet Muhammad's PBUH continued walking and finally sat in front of the house of Sayidina Abu Ayyoob Ansari.

• The place where the camel of Prophet Muhammad PBUH sat was purchased and a Masjid was built on that spot which is called Masjid-e-Nabwi.

• Prophet Muhammad PBUH enter into a treaty with Jews of madinah which was broken by Banu Qaynuqaa, Banu Nadheer, & Banur Quraizah in 2nd year, 4th year and in 5th year repectively.

• Adhan was started for calling the people to assemble at the time of Salaah by rejecting the methods of Jews and christians.

Life of Hazrat Muhammad (Sallal la ho Alaihi Wasalam)

LIFE OF HOLY PROPHET (SAWS) in MAKKAH

ANCESTORS:

Holy Prophet Ahmed–e-Mujtaba MUHAMMAD Mustafa (SAWS) belonged to a noble family
of Quraish and as a descendant of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS). Hazrat MUHAMMAD (SAWS) was
the direct descendant of Hazrat Ismail (AS). One of the descendant of Hazrat Ismail (AS)
was settled in Hijaz- Arabia. One of them was known as FIHR (Quraish) where as one
of his descendant became the custodian of the key of Ka’abah and known as QUSSAI.
The grandson of Qussai was named as Hashim (his family was known as Banu Hashim).
Grandfather of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) named Hazrat Abdul Muttalib belonged to Banu
Hashim. He had 7 sons. One of them was Hazrat Abdullah, the father of Prophet (SAWS).

HAZRAT ABDUL MUTTALIB:

The grandfather of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) named Hazrat Abdul Muttalib belonged to
Banu Hashim, having 7 sons was settled in Makkah as the custodian of the key of Ka’abah.
He was prominent for the following THREE reasons:
• Restoration of the fountain of ZamZam
• Courageous Dialogue with Abraha (Christian Viceroy of Yemen)
• Bringing up of his orphan grandson Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS)

HAZRAT ABDULLAH:

Hazrat Abdullah was the father of Holy Prophet (SAWS) who married to Bibi Aminah (the
daughter of Wahab) but died before the birth of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) in 570 C.E.
and left a few Camels, Goats and a slave girl Umme Aiman in heritance.

BIRTH & EARLY LIFE OF HOLY PROPHET (SAWS):

Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) was born on 12 Rabi` al-Awwal 570 C.E. in Makkah His

father, `Abdullah Ibn `Abdul Muttalib of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe, died
before his birth.
IMPORTANCE OF THE NAME:
His mother called him Ahmed and his grandfather
named him MUHAMMAD (SAWS) and clarified:
“ I have named him Muhammad so that
his name may be praised on the earth and in the heavens.”
Later (after 1422 years approx.) a book of a world renowned (a non-Muslim) writer of the
personalities ranked him the Best Personality of the World and acknowledged the claim of
Qur’an.
His name is the compulsory part of Kalimah without which no one can enter in the circle
of Islam. His name is the part of Aaza’an (Call for Prayers). The importance of his name’s
blessings is also related with the incident of the reason of restoration of Heaven for
Hazrat Adam (AS)- the father of the human beings.
He was born as an orphan, therefore, had a very simple nature, honest and loving
personality. After the birth, he was given in the charge of Bibi Halima Saadia as a part
of custom. She handed over him to his mother and took him to the grave of his father. At
return his mother fell ill and died at Abwa when he was only of 6 years.
Hazrat Abdul Muttalib, his grandfather took over the charge of upbringing of Hazrat
Muhammad (SAWS) and opposed practically the tradition of orphan’s beggar use. But he
died when Holy Prophet (PBUH) was only 8 years old.
Then, Hazrat Abu Talib (a son of Hazrat Abdul Muttalib, an Uncle of Holy Prophet SAWS)
took over the charge of Holy Prophet (PBUH) and gave him due love and affection.
At the age of 9 years, Holy Prophet (PBUH) began to show signs of an intelligent and
inquisition mind by helping elders in a battlefield.
At the age of 12 years, Holy Prophet (PBUH) proved himself as an honest, truthful and
righteous person in a mercantile journey to Syria with his uncle Hazrat Abu Talib.
Therefore, he was titled as al Sadiq and al Ameen in his 23 rd year of age.

{ 570 AD – 622 AD }

Frustration on the Conditions of Arabia/Arabs:

Holy Prophet (PBUH) had a feel of frustration on the condition of Arabs/Arabia because
Arabs had forgotten the message of the Creator completely. They (Arabs) were dealt in
the worst form of idolatry & the Ka’abah was full of idols. Drinking, gambling, cruelty and
other vices were common. There was No settled government and No enforcement of Law
in the region. Qur’an named and Holy Prophet (PBUH) called this age of Arabia as the Age
of Ignorance.

MARRIAGE TO HAZRAT KHADIJA (RAH):

Holy Prophet (PBUH) married to Hazrat Khadija (RAH) when he was 25 years and she was
of 40 years. She was known as TAHIRAH (chaste) among the Makkans. She remained as
his sole wife till her death for Twenty five years after her marriage.

FIXING OF BLACK STONE (HAJR-E-ASWAD):

Once, as a result of heavy rain, the walls of Ka’abah collapsed and had to be
reconstructed. The 4 chiefs of Makkan’s tribes constructed the walls of Ka’abah. At the
time of Fixing Black Stone (Hajr-e-Aswad), a dispute arose among the chiefs of Makkah.
The dispute reached to bloodshed and then, a wise old man of Banu Ummayyah advised
that the decision should be taken by a neutral person who would enter Ka’abah first the
next morning. Every body was agreed with this suggestion. Holy Prophet (PBUH) was the
first person who entered in Ka’abah first the next morning. He suggested that he would
spread a cloth sheet on the floor and all of the present (4 chiefs) would put the blackstone
in the centre of the sheet and permit Muhammad (SAWS) to place it in the wall and they
would pick up the each corner of the sheet and would carry that sheet till its proper place.
No one raised any objection. Thus he solved the matter. He was at the age of 35 years.

CALL TO PROPHETHOOD: [First year of Prophethood] 610 A.D.

When he reached to the age of 40 years and once he was sitting in Cave Hira, meditating
on the conditions of Arabia, an angel (Hazrat Gabriel AS) came before him and asked to
Read, he replied that he was ummi (a person who did not get education in a school). The
third time , angel hugged him and asked him to read as:

“Read in the name of Allah…………………………………………………” (96:1-5)

Holy Prophet (PBUH) was frightened and wanted to know about the actual fact of the
incident, therefore, Hazrat Khadija (RAH) took him to her cousin Warqa Bin Naufal, a
Christian Scholar who acknowledged that the Messenger was Hazrat Gabriel AS and Holy
Prophet (PBUH) was nominated as the Last Messenger of God.

START OF PREACHING: [2nd to 4th years of Prophethood] 611-613AD

A few months later, Prophet (SAWS) received another set of revelation containing the
message to ‘preach’ Islam & Qur’anic teachings by starting from the kinsfolk as said in
26:214, 15:94 and 74:1-3 respectively.

Years of Bitter Opposition and Persecution

[5th & 6th Year of Prophethood] 614-616 AD

Pagans of Makkah assumed that the Muslim believers were against the faith of their
forefathers and were insulting their idols by rejecting their worship. Therefore, they
raised their opposition and persecution in the 5th year of Prophethood.
The cruelties of pagans for the followers of Islam become unbearable due to which Holy
Prophet (SAWS) advised his followers’ delegation of 15 [headed by Hazrat Jaffar Taiyyar
(RA)] and an other delegation of 64 followers [headed by Hazrat Usman (RA)] to migrate
to Abyssinia respectively.
Hazrat Jaffar Taiyyar Radi Allahu Anhu (brother of Hazrat Ali Radi Allahu Anhu) gave a
sensational religious speech supported by the recitation of Surah Maryam (19: 1-21 and
3:45-51) before the King of Abyssinia, Najashi (who was a Christian Emperor). After a
detailed dialogue, Najashi favoured the Muslims and ordered pagans to go back and did
not return the Muslims.

YEAR OF MUSLIM STRENGTH: [6th year of Prophethood] 616 AD

The Muslims have got courage and strength with the consecutive events of embracing
Islam by Hazrat Hamzah Radi Allahu Anhu (Uncle of Holy Prophet pbuh) and Hazrat Umar
Radi Allahu Anhu. They claimed & invited Muslims to offer prayer in Ka’abah and started
to offer it by themselves first.

YEARS OF BOYCOTT: [7th _ 9th year of Prophethood] 617-619 AD

All tribes of Quraish proclaimed a social and economic boycott of Banu Hashim in
Makkah. It was announced in 7th year and lasted by themselves at the end of 9th year of
Prophethood.

YEAR OF GRIEF: [10th year of Prophethood] 619-620 AD

In the 10th year of Prophethood, Hazrat Khadija Razi-Allahu-Anha (first wife of Holy
Prophet pbuh) and Hazrat Abu Talib (dear uncle of Holy Prophet pbuh) died one by one.
Later, Hazrat Sawdah Razi-Allahu-Anha and Hazrat Aisha Razi-Allahu-Anha got married
with Holy Prophet (SAWS) one by one.
People of Taif invited Holy Prophet (SAWS) for preaching but he reached there they tried
to insult him and injured him but Holy Prophet (SAWS) did not curse them and asked
guidance for them.
Almighty Allah liked his piety and called him for the holy journey of Mai’raj as it is partly
described in different Qur’anic passages such as worldly earth journey is indicated in
Surah Isra.

PLEDGES OF AQABAH: 620 – 622 AD
[ 11th , 12th & 13th Year of Prophethood ]

Six persons of Khazraj (Yasrib) came to Prophet pbuh at Aqaba – Makkah and embraced
Islam in 11th year of Prophethood.
Meanwhile, Holy Prophet (SAWS) visited Taif on their invitation but when he reached
there and started preaching Islamic teachings, they not only insulted him but injured him
so cruelly that his shoes were filled with his blood. On this occasion, Allah (SWT) gave him
an option to curse the people of Ta’if. But Holy Prophet (SAWS) prayed for their guidance
and forgiveness.

EVENTS OF MAI’RAJ SHAREEF

Event is proved by Certified Ahadith of Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari
and the Holy Qur’an specially 17:1. Event was held on 27th Rajjab al Murrajab12th year of

Prophethood.
Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) was awakened by Hz. Jibraaiyl (AS) and told him that Allah
had conferred on him the unique honour of invitation to His Own Presence.
Hz. Jibraaiyl (AS) opened the Holy Prophet (SAWS)’s breast, took out his heart , washed
it with ZamZam and filled it with the Light (Nur) of Allah and then re-placed it in his body.
Then took him on Buraq a unique birds qualitative animal brought from the heavens
specially for this auspicious holy journey.
Prophet(SAWS) proceeded to Masjid-e-Aqsa accompanied by Hazrat Jibraaiyl (AS) on
Buraq. He said that the journey was of two steps only [it was recorded that a person could
travel that journey in almost 90 days]. Reaching at Al Aqsa, he was welcomed by Angels
and Former Prophets and they offered 2 Raka’ah prayer lead by Prophet (SAWS). Hence,
he was declared Imam al Ambia on earth. Then, the journey towards sky/heavens was
started.
Prophet (SAWS) met with the leader of the Angels, Hazrat Ismail (AS) at the first sky
with his staff warmly. He met with Hazrat Adam (AS) there as well. He saw there an angel
having half of his body of Fire and half of ice, on query, Jibraaiyl (AS) explained that the
Angel was known as Mahter Ra’ad who has a duty to start and stop rainfall and snowfall.
He saw that some people were busy in agricultural activities, Jibraaiyl (AS) explained that
they were they people of earth who always earned uprightly in the world and spent their
wealth as
per Allah’s Commands. Then he saw that some Angels were stoning the heads of humans;
Jibraaiyl (AS) explained that they were the negligent of daily prayers.

Then he saw that humans, male & female had blessings of Allah to eat but they were
eating Dead bodies of prohibited; Jibraaiyl (AS) described that they were those who were
dealt in adultery (Zina), deceiving others, and were in usury.
PROPHET MUHAMMAD (SAWS) saw different scenes of the Heaven and Hell where the
grant of blessings and punishments were carried out. Then, he moved towards the 2nd
sky where he met with Hazrat Yahya (AS) and Hazrat Issa (AS) and with an angel Mahter
Qasim (AS) who assists Hazrat Mikhail (AS) in distributing food to the creatures of Allah.
Here, the leader in charge of the 2nd sky was Hazrat Jibraaiyl (AS).
Prophet (SAWS) reached to the 3rd sky and met with the in charge angel Mahter Ma’ayl
(AS) and Hazrat Yousuf (AS) who give him an advice of patience to face problems.
Prophet (SAWS) was, then, transported to the 4th sky where he met with Hazrat Idrees
(AS). He was also introduced with Hazrat Izrael (AS). Prophet (AS) asked him the reasons
of having his 4 faces. Hazrat Izrael (AS) replied that with front face that is made of NUR,
he possess the soul of Momineen; with the face of the right side (made of anger);, he
possess the soul of sinners; with the face of the left side (made of Qahr), he possess the
soul of hypocrites; with the face of the back side (made of fire of hell), he possess the soul
of disbelievers/unbelievers and Mushrikeen.
When he reached to the 5th sky, he met with Mahter Amayl (A.S) who was introduced
as the leader in charge of the angels there. He also met with Hazrat Haroon (A.S) who
gave him some tips of public speeches. Then, he was transported to the 6th sky where
he was welcomed by the leading in charge angel Mahter Haayl (A.S) and by Hazrat
Mussa (A.S). Hazrat Mussa (A.S) advised him to be very careful while accepting any
duty owe to Allah assigned to his Ummah as the Ummah would have weak in physic and
in senses’ control (spiritually) and also with a short length of age to live their worldly
lives. There, Holy Prophet (SAWS) saw an other Leading Angel on 19,000’s angels’ staff
named “Mahter Maalik(A.S)”- the In charge of the Hell.
Then, he met with another angel Mahter Rizwan (A.S) who was the in charge of the
Heavens. He was offered 3 types of cups by him; first of Milk, second of Wine; and the
third of Water, Prophet (SAWS) selected the cup of Milk. Hazrat Jibraaiyl (A.S) appreciated
and clarified that because of right choice of cup your Ummah is secured from Aafaat and
destructions (Azaab). After wards, he was transported to the 7th sky till Sidrat-il-Muntaha,
Hazrat Jibraaiyl (A.S) requested Prophet (SAWS) to continue the journey on Rafraf but he
would not accompany him as he was not permitted for any single step ahead.
From there (Sidrat-il-Muntaha on Rafraf), he was called by Allah, the Almighty on the
ARSH-E-ULLAA for one to one meeting. THERE both, the Creator and His Best creature
well conversed for each every secret and common matters. At return, he was gifted with
SALAT and unlimited glade tidings. Next morning, he discussed the event with Hazrat Abu
Bakr (RA) who second his statement without any hesitation.
Twelve persons of Khazraj (Yasrib) came to Prophet pbuh at Aqaba – Makkah
and embraced Islam in 12th year of Prophethood. Seventy Five persons of Khazraj
(Yasrib) came to Prophet pbuh at Aqaba – Makkah and embraced Islam in 13 th year of
Prophethood.

MIGRATION TO YASRIB: [13th Year of Prophethood] 622 AD

When Quraish redoubled their persecution on Holy Prophet (SAWS) and his followers, he
advised his followers to migrate to Yasrib in small groups and families. But he waited for
the permission of Almighty Allah. Meanwhile, pagans plotted a killing plan for the Prophet
& his followers which Allah Almighty disclosed before His last messenger in Surah al-
Anfal (8:30) and advised him to migrate to Yasrib. Holy Prophet (SAWS), after assigning
the duty to Hazrat Ali Radi-Allahu-Anhu to return the valuables of the people of Quraish,
migrated to Yasrib with his closest companion Hazrat Abu Bakr Radi-Allahu-Anhu.

BETWEEN MAKKAH AND MADINAH: [13th Year of Prophethood] 622 AD

Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) accompanied with Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) stayed at Quba
on 8th Rabi ul Awwal of 622 A.D. Quba is situated 3 miles away from Madinah (Yasrib).

This place was also known as quarters of Bani Salem. Hazrat Ali (RA) joined him at
this place and then they laid the foundation of the first Masjid of Islam on earth named

“Masjid-e-Quba”. Holy Prophet (SAWS) led the First Friday’s Congregational Prayer and then left

Quba for Yasrib.

3.3 LIFE OF HOLY PROPHET (SAWS) in MADINAH

{ 622 AD – 632 AD }

FIRST YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 1ST A.H. ] 622 AD

FIRST STAY AND CONSTRUCTION OF MASJID AT MADINAH

Holy Prophet (SAWS) stayed where his camel stopped. His camel sat on an empty plot
of two orphan boys just in front of the house of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari (RA). Thus,
Holy Prophet (SAWS) paid the price of the plot to the orphans and offered them to
stay with him till their new shelter would not be arranged. Till then, he stayed in the
house of Hazrat Abu Ayub Ansari (RA). He received a revelation of Surah Ta’ubah verse
108; “>>>>>>>” So, he reserved the major part of the plot for the House of Allah and
started construction of First Masjid in Yasrib named Masjid-e-Nabwi.

AZAAN / CALL FOR PRAYER AND BEGINNING OF ISLAMIC CALENDAR

Hazrat Umar (RA) suggested an option of Azaan / Call for Prayer so that the people who
would be busy in business transactions would be able to know the timings for prayers.
Holy Prophet (SAWS) praised his suggestion and assigned him to write the wordings
of Azaan (later it was approved by Wahi). Then, Holy Prophet (SAWS) assigned Hazrat
Bilal (RA) to learn and Proclaim Azaan. Thus, Hazrat Bilal (RA) became the First Mo’azzan
of Islam and Masjid-e-Nabwi. Hazrat Umar (RA) suggested an other option of making of Islamic
Calendar, which was allowed and guided by Holy Prophet (SAWS).

SETTLEMENT OF MUHAJIREEN / MAWAKHAT

The role of Muhajireen and Ansars for the cause of Islam was praised by Allah himself in
the Holy Qur’an in 8:63 & 8:72 and guided to establish Mawakhat (a bond of brotherhood)
and to live a prosper and peaceful communal life in Madinah. Thus, Holy Prophet (SAWS)
established the First Muslim Society by joining one family of Muhajireen with a family of
Ansar. Therefore, the event is known as MAWAKHAT and the city of Yasrib was named as
the City of Prophet (SAWS) –Madinah.

TREATY WITH JEWS

Holy Prophet (SAWS) and his followers entered into an agreement with Jews Tribes of
Madinah – Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazir and Banu Quraiza, known as “Treaty of Madinah”.
This treaty is a landmark in the history of mankind in which equal rights of the
citizenship were defined and were practiced. As a result of this treaty, Holy Prophet
(SAWS) was recognized as the undisputed leader, ruler, judge and the commander of the
people of Madinah.

SECOND YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 2ND A.H. ] 623AD

CHANGE OF QIBLAH

An event of great significance featured in the month of Sha‘ban 2 A.H., (i.e. February).
Once, Holy Prophet (SAWS) got late in reaching Masjid-e-Qiblah , the Iqamat was said
and the rows for prayers were completed when Holy Prophet (SAWS) reached and stand
in the last centre of a new row ( having a wish to have the direction of worship towards
Masjid–e-Haram, Almighty Allah sent a set of revelation of 2:143 and 2:144 to change the
direction of the prayers from Masjid-e-Aqsa to Masjid-e-Haram with immediate effect.
Thus, this prayer was also led by Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) and the Masjid was named
as Masjid-e-Qiblatain.

FASTING OF RAMADAN

Fasting of the month of Ramadan for 30 days (as per the condition of citing of moon)
were ordained as OBLIGATORY for the Muslims and the Message was revealed in 2:183-
187 of Holy Qur’an.

PAYMENT OF ZAKAT

To purify wealth of the believers after purifying their physiques through Prayers and
fasting, the order for the Payment of Zakat was also revealed in the words mentioned
therein 2:195, 2:275-279.

BATTLE OF BADR

Abu Jahl, who came for the security of Abu Suffiyan (who was attacked by the way
robbers), blamed Muslims for the cause, later refused Abu Suffiyan also to return to
Makkah and advanced towards Madinah against Muslims instead.
In the month of Safar 2 A.H.(623 AD), Allah showed a dream to Holy Prophet (SAWS) about
the battle to be fought in the plain of Badr and the victory of Believers. Allah permitted
Prophet (SAWS) and his followers to fight against the unbelievers who imposed fighting
on them in the words said in Surah al Baqarah verse 190 with a few lessons and training
as indicated in 3:13+123, 8:45 and 54:45 of Holy Qur’an.
Madinah’s border- Badr was attacked
by the enemies of Islam from 3 sides,
Quraish+Jews+Munafiqeen as mentioned in 4:61 of the Holy Qur’an.
The Prophet [pbuh] spent the whole night preceding the day of the battle in prayer
and supplication. The Muslim army, wearied with their long march, enjoyed sound and
refreshing sleep, a mark of the Divine favour and of the state of their undisturbed minds.
"(Remember) when He covered you with a slumber as a security from Him, and He caused
rain to descend on you from the sky, to clean you thereby and to remove from you the Rijz
(whispering, evil suggestions, etc.) of Satan, and to strengthen your hearts, and make
your feet firm thereby." [Al-Qur'an 8:11]
That was Friday night, Ramadan 17th., the year 2 A.H.
In the morning, the Prophet [pbuh] called his men to offer the prayers and then urged
them to fight in the way of Allah. As the sun rose over the desert, the Prophet [pbuh]
drew up his little army, and pointing with an arrow which he held in his hand, arranged
the ranks.
The help of Allah reached in the course of Battle action while 313 Muslims faced 1000
armed enemies. It is described in 8:9, 8:44 and 8:19 of Holy Qur’an that Allah has bestowed
His favours to His followers and believers whatsoever and whoever is against.
Thus Battle of Badr has given so many names such as Day of Testing (8:29), Yaum-al-
Furqan (8:41), Sign of Allah (3:13). The Muslims were victorious in this Battle and Allah
demolished the pride of Pagans.

THIRD YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 3RD A.H. ] 624 AD

The Muslims were just thanked God after the Battle of Badr, the conspirators started
plotting a plan to take a revenge of the insulting defeat at Badr from Muslims.

BATTLE OF UHAD

In 3 A.H., pagans of Makkah attacked Madinah in 3000 with fully equipped against
1000 Muslims reaching Uhad. Abdullah Bin Ubbay deserted with 300 soldiers due to
disagreement on selection of Battlefield, hence declared in 33:10-24 that the people who
claim the faith by words but without true intention and desert at the time of test, they
are entitled as hypocrites.
Remaining 700 believers reached Uhad and were camped. Holy Prophet (SAWS) deputed
50 Archers on all directions at key posts. Quraish attacked first and Muslims responded
well. The wise deputation of Archers proved the best possible war strategy by Prophet
(SAWS) but when they archers saw that Believers have defeated the pagans, they
started collecting booty whereas they were strictly advised not to leave their posts. In
this way more then 30 archers disobeyed the Prophet’s command and were killed by the
forces of enemies who re attacked them as they saw that they had left the key posts.
While the small army of Islam were recording the second absolute and clear victory over
the Makkans—which was no less in splendour and glory than the first one at Badr —
the majority of the archers on the mountainside committed a fatal mistake that turned
the whole situation upside down, and constituted a source of heavy losses amongst the
Muslims.
Thus, believer bored a great loss in this battle. Hazrat Hamza (RA), one of the beloved
uncle of Holy Prophet (SAWS) was also martyred by a slave of Hindah (the wife of Abu

Suffiyan and daughter of Lahab Utba) in this battle. Holy Prophet (SAWS) was found
in great sorrow so that Allah revealed a message in this regard via 111:1-5. Due to the
sad and large number of casualties, nursing was started first time in the world. Muslims
learnt that how is harmful the disobedience of Holy Prophet (SAWS)!!

FOURTH YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 4TH A.H. ] 625AD

After the disclosure of Uhad’s conspiracy against Muslims by the contracted Tribes, steps
were taken against Banu Nazir in the FOURTH YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 4TH A.H. ] 625 AD who had
fortified themselves inside their strongholds after knowing the decision that Muslims with
other allies would take a severe action against their violation of the agreed and signed
Treaty.
Muslims with other tribes surrounded their strongholds and urged them to come to a
dialogue but they did not agree. After 21 day’s siege, they surrendered themselves.
However, the believers and the alliance group had given them 10 days’ time to collect
their belongings and leave Madinah. Therefore, the hypocrites of Madinah were expelled.

People of Banu Nazir were settled in Khyber after their expulsion from Madinah but they
did not leave conspiracies against believers and asked help from other tribes of Jews and
Quraish against Muslims. Ghatafan and Five other tribes supported Banu Nazir and they
chose Abu Suffiyan as their leader who led them towards Madinah. This news reached to
Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) who immediately consulted his companions to find out the
strategy.
Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA) suggested to dig a huge Trench on the Fourth side that was
open for any attack. THREE thousand Muslims worked in digging the Trench. Meanwhile,
the troops of enemies reached from 2 sides, one from rocky hills and the bigger troop
from Trench side. The troops who came from the Trench side were disappointed. They
camped to understand the situation and some of them preferred to take the second
rock hills’ route. At this stage, Banu Quraiza shown a sympathy with the enemies’ Jews
tribe, had broken the treaty and met with enemies. Allah (SWT) has pointed out them
Hypocrites of a dangerous nature in Surah Al Ahzab verse 9 and 13>>>>; whereas the
battle is named as Battle of Ahzab or Battle of Allies in Holy Qur’an Chapter 33 Verse 10
& 11.>>>> .
Then Holy Prophet (SAWS) prayed Allah who sent down the divine help of a storm due
to which the camps of the enemies were either fired or destroyed. The enemies of Islam
and their allies suffered an unforgettable loss and were defeated. Muslims possessed
the booty of the war and were victorious. Thus, this Battle was significant in the history
of Islam that gave the lessons to the enemies to be careful next time as they had been
defeated so many times and would have face the divine confrontations. It left far
reaching consequences.

FIFTH YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 5TH A.H. ] 626 AD

SIXTH YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 6TH A.H. ] 627 AD

Holy Prophet (SAWS) saw a dream that he was entering in the Holy Ka’abah by signing
a treaty. Therefore, he invited the companions and followers for pilgrimage amongst
whom 1400 second the invitation of the Prophet (SAWS). Thus, Holy Prophet (SAWS)
with his 1400 (unarmed) companions set out for Makkah for the Pilgrimage.
Three miles away from Makkah, Quraish’s squad made them stop, so Holy Prophet
(SAWS) sent Hazrat Uthman (RA) to clarify the intention of Pilgrimage. They offered him
only to perform pilgrimage but he urged to call his leader Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) and
the other companions which was denied and they hostile him.
Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) heard a rumor of the martyrdom of Hazrat Uthman (RA) that
is why he sent an other messenger to enquire the truth, he said that if it would be true
then we would take revenge of that and would ask for the custody of the killer. Holy
Prophet (SAWS) addressed the companions at this occasion and took oath under the tree
of Rizwan (RA)’s orchard. This event is known as Bayt-e-Rizwan in Islamic history.

Hazrat Uthman (RA) and the other messenger were released by Quraish with a
suggestion to sign a Pact of Peace at Hudaibiya. Holy Prophet (SAWS) accepted the
suggestion and agreed to sign the Agreement though the terms and conditions of the
Treaty were very strict and one sided and thus the leading companions were not in
favour of signing the treaty but when Holy Prophet (SAWS) recited the Verses 1 “>>>”,
17 “>>>”, 18 “>>>” and 27 “>>>” of Holy Qur’an from Chapter 48, they agreed with
the opinion of Prophet (SAWS) as per the past experiences.
The major 4 terms of the Treaty of Hudaibiya were as follows:
Muslims would return to Madinah that year.
Muslims would be allowed to come for Pilgrimage next year for only 3 days.
If a Quraish join Muslims without permission would be sent back to Makkah; but if a
Muslim from Madinah may go to Makkah would not be sent back.
No fighting or no killing for years must be observed.
Victory of Muslims through this treaty was truly hidden in its third and fourth condition
as it was said by Allah (SWT) in Holy Qur’an [48:1], “>>>>>>”. This shows that how
Allah (SWT) bestowed Holy Prophet (SAWS) with excellence of wisdom.

SEVENTH YEAR AFTER HIJRAH [ 7TH A.H. ] 628 AD

Da‘wah

Treaty of Hudaibiya brought a sense of peace in the lives of believers, so Holy Prophet
(SAWS) re started the preaching process and establishes a bond of good international
relationships with other states. Thus, Holy Prophet (SAWS) wrote letters to several Kings
and Emperors in which he invited them to establish brothern and cooperative relationship
within the region and for the global peace. He invited them to embrace Islam as well. He
wrote a letter to Heraclus, a Roman Emperor, who replied politely but did not embrace
Islam. Holy Prophet (SAWS) sent a letter to Chosroes (Khusro), a Persian Emperor, who
insulted and killed the conveyer and tore the letter. His son killed him and later he suicide
himself also.
Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) wrote a letter to the very famous King of Abyssinia, Negus-
Najashi who embraced Islam. Dr. Hameedullah exerted painstaking effort and used all
means of modern technology to verify the text of the letter, which reads as follows:
"In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Muhammad the Messenger of Allah to Negus, king of Abyssinia (Ethiopia).
Peace be upon him who follows true guidance. Salutations, I entertain Allah’s praise, there
is no god but He, the Sovereign, the Holy, the Source of peace, the Giver of peace, the
Guardian of faith, the Preserver of safety. I bear witness that Jesus, the son of Mary, is
the spirit of Allah and His Word which He cast into Mary, the virgin, the good, the pure, so
that she conceived Jesus. Allah created him from His spirit and His breathing as He created
Adam by His Hand. I call you to Allah Alone with no associate and to His obedience and to
follow me and to believe in that which came to me, for I am the Messenger of Allah. I invite
you and your men to Allah, the Glorious, the All-Mighty. I hereby bear witness that I have
communicated my message and advice. I invite you to listen and accept my advice. Peace be
upon him who follows true guidance."[Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/60]
The text of this letter is doubtlessly authentic, but to maintain that it was written after Al-
Hudaibiyah event is still a question lacking in definite evidence.
When ‘Amr bin Omaiyah Ad-Damari communicated the Apostolic letter to Negus, the latter
took the parchment and placed it on his eye, descended to the floor, confessed his faith in
Islam and wrote the following reply to the Prophet [pbuh]:
"In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.
From Negus Ashama to Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah. Peace be upon you, O
Messenger of Allah! and mercy and blessing from Allah beside Whom there is no god. I
have received your letter in which you have mentioned about Jesus and by the Lord of
heaven and earth, Jesus is not more than what you say. We fully acknowledge that with
which you have been sent to us and we have entertained your cousin and his companions.
I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah, true and confirming (those who have
gone before you), I pledge to you through your cousin and surrender myself through him

to the Lord of the worlds."[Za'd Al-Ma'ad 3/61]
Then, the Rulers of Egypt-Cyprus, Oman and Bahrain also honoured the invitation of
Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) and the Ruler of Egypt sent a slave girl (Hazrat Maria- who
became Muslim and a wife of Holy Prophet SAWS, later) as a traditional gift.

KHYBER EXPEDITION:

Banu Nazir, after leaving Madinah did not leave plotting conspiracy against Muslims. They
started conspiracy against Holy Prophet (SAWS) and his followers.
After Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty, the major party of the anti-Islam tripartite coalition —
Quraish, the bedouin horde of Najd tribes and the Jews — was neutralized, therefore,
the Prophet [pbuh] deemed it an appropriate time to settle his affairs with the other two
wings — the Jews and the Najd tribes — in order that peace and security could prevail
and the Muslims may devote their time and effort in propagating the Message of Allah
and calling people to embrace it. Khaibar itself had always remained a hotbed of intrigue
and conspiracy, and the Jews had always constituted it a source of military provocations
and war instigation centre, so it was given a top priority on the agenda of the Prophet’s
compelling exigencies. The Jews of Khaibar had united by an ancient alliance with the
Confederates, triggered Bani Quraiza to practise treachery, maintained contacts with
Ghatfan and the Arabians and they even devised an attempt at the Prophet’s life. In fact,
the continual afflictions that the Muslims had sustained were primarily attributable to
the Jews. Envoys were repeatedly sent to them for peaceful settlement, but all in vain.
Consequently the Prophet [pbuh] came to the conclusion that a military campaign was a
must in order to forestall their hostilities.
Interpreters of the Noble Qur’ân suggest that capturing Khaibar had been a Divine
promise implied in Allah’s Words: "Allah has promised you abundant spoils that you will
capture, and He has hastened for you this." [Al-Qur'an 48:20]
But this time Muslims did not give them time to call their helpers and Banu Nazir was
besieging in Khyber. They were of opinion that forte of Khyber would be tough target for
Muslims. But Muslim cut off their supply lines and made them ready to come out either
to fight or surrender. Some of them preferred to surrender and some of them wanted to
fight. Ultimately, the believer overcome the situation and Banu Nazir were defeated once
again.

The Compensatory ‘Umrah(Lesser Pilgrimage)

When Dhul Qa‘da month approached towards the close of the seventh year A.H., the
Prophet [pbuh] ordered his people, and the men who witnessed Al-Hudaibiyah Truce
Treaty in particular, to make preparations to perform ‘Umrah (lesser pilgrimage). He
proceeded with 2000 men besides some women and children [Fath Al-Bari 7/700], and
60 camels for sacrifice, to visit the Holy Sanctuary in Makkah. The Muslims took their
weapons with them fearing the treachery of the Quraishites, but left them with a party of
two hundred men at a place some eight miles from Makkah. They entered the city with the
swords in their scabbards [Za'd Al-Ma'ad 2/151; Fath Al-Bari 7/700], with the Prophet
[pbuh] at their head on his she-camel, Al-Qaswa’, while the surrounding Companions
attentively focusing their look on him, all saying: "Here I am! at Your service O Allah!" The
Quraishites had left the place and retired to their tents on the adjoining hills. The Muslims
performed the usual circumambulation vigorously and briskly; and on recommendation
by the Prophet [pbuh] they did their best to appear strong and steadfast in their
circumambulation as the polytheists had spread rumours that they were weak because
the fever of Yathrib (Madinah) had sapped their strength. They were ordered to run in the
first three rounds and then walk in the remaining ones. The Makkans meanwhile aligned
on the top of Qu‘aiqa‘an Mount watching the Muslims, tongue-tied at witnessing their
strength and devotion. When they entered the Holy Sanctuary, ‘Abdullah bin Rawaha
walked before the Prophet [pbuh] reciting:
"Get out of his way, you disbelievers, make way, we will fight you about its revelation
with strokes that will remove heads from shoulders and make friend unmindful of friend."
After ritual walking and running between the two hills of Makkah, Safa and Marwah,
the Prophet[pbuh] with the Muslims halted at the latter spot to slaughter the sacrificial
animals and shave their heads.

The main body of the pilgrims had now performed the basic rites of the lesser pilgrimage,
but there remained those who were entrusted the charge of the weapons. The Prophet
had these relieved, and they went through the same devotions as the others did.
On the morning of the fourth day of the pilgrimage, the notables of Quraish asked ‘Ali bin
Abi Talib to tell the Prophet [pbuh] to leave Makkah along with his Companions. He, of
course, could not conceive of violating the terms of Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty, therefore he
ordered his men to depart for a village called Sarif where he stayed for some time.
It was during this visit of the Prophet [pbuh] to Makkah for pilgrimage that his
uncle ‘Abbas offered the hand of his sister-in-law, Maimuna — the daughter of Harith, to
him. The Prophet [pbuh] was kind enough to accept this offer since it was an effective
step towards cementing the ties of relationship between the Prophet [pbuh] and the
influential men of Makkah. The wedding took place in Sarif. [Za'd Al-Ma'ad 2/152]
Narrators attached different designations to this lesser pilgrimage. Some called it the
compensatory lesser pilgrimage, performed instead of that uncompleted of Hudaibiyah;
and the other one, given preponderance by jurists, is the lesser pilgrimage consequent
on certain terms of a treaty already agreed upon. On the whole, compensatory, judicial
consent, retribution and reconciliation are all terms applicable to that visit.